DIVING LIGHTHOUSE REEF ATOLL
Why You Have to Visit the Lighthouse Reef Atoll
Known to locals for centuries as a uniquely special diving location, the Lighthouse Reef Atoll is home to the famous Blue Hole. The Blue Hole came to the world’s attention in 1971 after famed French marine biologist Jacques Cousteau declared it to be one of his top 10 diving spots in the world. Later, the Discovery Channel named the Belize Blue Hole as one of the top 10 most amazing places on Earth. Every year, thousands of experienced divers from around the globe come to the Blue Hole of Belize to descend over 90 meters into the inky darkness.
Known to locals for centuries as a uniquely special diving location, the Lighthouse Reef Atoll is home to the famous Blue Hole. The Blue Hole came to the world’s attention in 1971 after famed French marine biologist Jacques Cousteau declared it to be one of his top 10 diving spots in the world. Later, the Discovery Channel named the Belize Blue Hole as one of the top 10 most amazing places on Earth. Every year, thousands of experienced divers from around the globe come to the Blue Hole of Belize to descend over 90 meters into the inky darkness.
When is the best time to visit the Lighthouse Atoll?
As an underwater diving attraction, there is little variation by season or time of year so just about any time is a good time to explore the watery depths of the Belize Blue Hole. Be aware that storms or heavy rainfall can somewhat reduce visibility as well as make transportation to the Belize Blue Hole more difficult. What is the best way to experience the Lighthouse Atoll? Due to the unique challenges of the depth of the Belize Blue Hole and exploring a series of submerged caves, diving in the area is restricted to experienced divers only. All divers must prove that they have completed at least 24 prior dives and can demonstrate proficiency in diving safety techniques. |
How to Get to the Lighthouse Atoll?
There are no commercial routes that connect Lighthouse Reef (which surrounds the Belize Blue Hole) and the mainland or other islands. A number of private companies offer boat service to and from the area, as well as supplying the necessary diving gear and equipment. Where in Belize Is the Lighthouse Atoll located? The Blue Hole of Belize is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the middle of the Belize Barrier Reef. The perimeter of the Belize Blue Hole is formed by Lighthouse Reef and is located approximately 43 miles (70 km) from mainland Belize. |
LIGHTHOUSE REEF ATOLL - Overview
Lighthouse Reef Atoll - Comprises of Six (6) Cayes
Lighthouse Reef Atoll - Has six (6) Cayes
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The entire circumference of Lighthouse Reef comprises coral which breaks the surface, forming a natural barrier against the sea. The prevailing winds and waves are from the northeast and, therefore, the calmer water is found along the western coast. Very few people dive the eastern coast of Lighthouse Reef, yet it is quite splendid and often spectacular.
On the east, Saddle Reef stretches from Half Moon Caye to Harrier Wreck. Long Reef then continues as far as Northern Wreck. This entire reef crest is dominated by staghorn, elkhorn and giant brain coral with many other varieties also present. This is one of the most extensive stretches of healthy and abundant coral in Belize. Sloping down rapidly at first from the surface, the reef continues down to about 40 feet (12 m) at a less severe rate. Here there is an underwater ledge, up to a half mile (.8 km) wide in places. It is to this ledge that the fishermen come from Belize City. In their small teresita sailing craft with holds full of ice, they catch grouper and jewfish of tremendous proportions on hand-held lines. The ledge slopes very gradually until the top of the dropoff is reached between 120 and 140 feet (36 and 42 m). The vertical drop continues down to depths of over 2,600 feet (788 m).
This is one of the most unexplored stretches of coastline in Belize, as the conditions are usually unfavorable for diving.
On the east, Saddle Reef stretches from Half Moon Caye to Harrier Wreck. Long Reef then continues as far as Northern Wreck. This entire reef crest is dominated by staghorn, elkhorn and giant brain coral with many other varieties also present. This is one of the most extensive stretches of healthy and abundant coral in Belize. Sloping down rapidly at first from the surface, the reef continues down to about 40 feet (12 m) at a less severe rate. Here there is an underwater ledge, up to a half mile (.8 km) wide in places. It is to this ledge that the fishermen come from Belize City. In their small teresita sailing craft with holds full of ice, they catch grouper and jewfish of tremendous proportions on hand-held lines. The ledge slopes very gradually until the top of the dropoff is reached between 120 and 140 feet (36 and 42 m). The vertical drop continues down to depths of over 2,600 feet (788 m).
This is one of the most unexplored stretches of coastline in Belize, as the conditions are usually unfavorable for diving.
HALF MOON CAYE - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
HALF MOON CAYE - Dedicated as a monument in 1982, this crecent-shaped island was the first protected area in Belize. Half Moon Caye, at the southeast corner of Lighthouse Reef, measures 45 square acres, half of which is a thriving (but endangered) littoral forest; the other half is a stunning palm-dotted beach. This is also the only red-footed booby sanctuary in the Western Hemisphere beside the Galapogos. The US $40.00 per person admission fee is sometimes included in your dive boat fee, but sometimes you'll pay it directly to the park ranger when you disembark.
As you approach Half Moon Caye, you'll believe you have arrived at some South Sea paradise. Offshore, boats use the rusted hull of a wreck, the Elksund, as a landmark in these waters. Its dark hulk looms over the surreal blue and black of the reef world. The caye, eight fee above sea level, was formed by the accretion of coral bits, shells, and calcareous algae. It's divided into two ecosystems: The section on the western side has dense vegetation with rich fertile soil, while the eastern section primarily supports coconut palms and little other vegetation.
Besides offshore waters that are among the clearest in Belize, the caye's beaches are wonderful. You must climb the eight-foot-high central ridge that divides the island and gaze south before you see the striking half-moon beach with its unrelenting surf erupting against limestone rocks. Half Moon Caye's first lighthouse, built in 1820, sits on the eastern side of the caye. Another was built in 1848 and modernized and enlarged in 1931; today the lighthouse runs on solar power.
Minutes from Half Moon Caye Wall, often combined with a Blue Hole trip, is a spectacular dive site ideal for photos and with the most marinelife spotting, even more than at Half Moon Caye Wall. The electrifying deep-blue waters will stun you, as will the schools of bright colorful fish and the large eagle rays, sea turtles, stingrays, and nurse sharks.
As you approach Half Moon Caye, you'll believe you have arrived at some South Sea paradise. Offshore, boats use the rusted hull of a wreck, the Elksund, as a landmark in these waters. Its dark hulk looms over the surreal blue and black of the reef world. The caye, eight fee above sea level, was formed by the accretion of coral bits, shells, and calcareous algae. It's divided into two ecosystems: The section on the western side has dense vegetation with rich fertile soil, while the eastern section primarily supports coconut palms and little other vegetation.
Besides offshore waters that are among the clearest in Belize, the caye's beaches are wonderful. You must climb the eight-foot-high central ridge that divides the island and gaze south before you see the striking half-moon beach with its unrelenting surf erupting against limestone rocks. Half Moon Caye's first lighthouse, built in 1820, sits on the eastern side of the caye. Another was built in 1848 and modernized and enlarged in 1931; today the lighthouse runs on solar power.
Minutes from Half Moon Caye Wall, often combined with a Blue Hole trip, is a spectacular dive site ideal for photos and with the most marinelife spotting, even more than at Half Moon Caye Wall. The electrifying deep-blue waters will stun you, as will the schools of bright colorful fish and the large eagle rays, sea turtles, stingrays, and nurse sharks.
The one remaining caye is possibly my favorite place on earth. Half Moon Caye sits at the lower southeast corner of the reef and is nothing short of paradise. This small, idyllic tropical island and the immediate surrounding waters are a National Park and home to a protected bird sanctuary. The caye is divided into two distinct halves: the western half is the bird sanctuary and is densely overgrown. The remainder of the island is made up of coconut palms and sparse vegetation, with a few small buildings and a solar-powered lighthouse.
The lighthouse keeper on Half Moon Caye has seen many divers come and go. He keeps a visitors book which most of them sign. In addition to making his living from fishing and his duties as lighthouse keeper, he is the park warden and keeps a close eye on all visitors. He has even built a platform amongst the trees, which enables visitors to view the birds from a position which looks down onto the treetops.
Halt Moon Caye, A Wildlife Sanctuary and A National Monument The Red-footed Booby and many of the Frigate birds nest on the southern part of Halt Moon Caye in the ziricote stands. There are large populations of hermit crabs that feed on the bird droppings. There are large (4 ft long) iguanas found in these same ziracote stands. At dusk on Half Moon Caye, the aerial birdfight between the Frigate birds and the Boobie birds are so swift and remarkable that even the Red Baron in his aerial sorties would be impressed. On northern Two Cayes there is a breeding area for the American crocodile.
The lighthouse keeper on Half Moon Caye has seen many divers come and go. He keeps a visitors book which most of them sign. In addition to making his living from fishing and his duties as lighthouse keeper, he is the park warden and keeps a close eye on all visitors. He has even built a platform amongst the trees, which enables visitors to view the birds from a position which looks down onto the treetops.
Halt Moon Caye, A Wildlife Sanctuary and A National Monument The Red-footed Booby and many of the Frigate birds nest on the southern part of Halt Moon Caye in the ziricote stands. There are large populations of hermit crabs that feed on the bird droppings. There are large (4 ft long) iguanas found in these same ziracote stands. At dusk on Half Moon Caye, the aerial birdfight between the Frigate birds and the Boobie birds are so swift and remarkable that even the Red Baron in his aerial sorties would be impressed. On northern Two Cayes there is a breeding area for the American crocodile.
SHIP WRECKS - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
LIGHTHOUSE REEF ATOLL - Although there are many unexplored shipwrecks at Lighthouse Reef, the following list represents a mere few. On the eastern side of Lighthouse Reef are six wrecks. From a distance, three of these look quite intact as they sit high and dry up on top of the reef.
- Half Moon Caye Wreck - Is the largest wreck off Lighthouse Reef Atoll and is about 1,000 yards north of Half Moon Caye and dominates the scenery.
- Ormlund Wreck - The large modern steel wreck on the reef, immediately north of Half Moon Caye was the "Ormlund". It was a 350-400 foot Norwegian freighter. Ormlund was a total write-off in 1971. The ship had lost power during a storm and was deposited on the reef by a large wave.
- Harrier Wreck - Five miles (8 km) north is another vessel, which is a key landmark in locating the Great Blue Hole. Originally sitting intact on top of the reef, it was used by the RAF for target practice some years ago (a practice no longer allowed). The ship was literally split in two and moved some distance down the reef crest, initially causing great difficulty for navigators trying to find the entrance to the Great Blue Hole. The ship has been given a number of uninspiring names over the years, such as Broken in Two Wreck or Two Halves Wreck. Recently, however, the wreck has succumbed further to the ravages of the relentless Caribbean swells and is now in at least three main sections. The best name that I have heard is Harrier, after the type of aircraft used by the RAF to target the vessel, and hereafter called Harrier Wreck.
- Northern Wreck - At the very north of the reef is one of the few substantial entrances through the reef crest. One ship, misjudging the entrance, foundered here during a storm. This Northern Wreck is well broken up with almost all the wreckage below the surface. Diveable, it is ideal for rounding off the day with the air remaining from the last dive. The entire wreckage is teeming with grunts. In the shallows, divers have to be careful not to be thrown about by the prevailing Caribbean swells.
- South of Half Moon Caye Wreck - There are two wrecks south of the Half Moon Caye wreck (which from a distance), look intact. Although different in design they are similar in size. Relatively small, I would describe them as in-shore cargo vessels.
- Southern Wreck - is located at the southern tip of the atoll and is very similar to Northern Wreck. The large engine block is still above the surface, but the remainder of the wreckage is scattered far and wide, and has nothing to offer divers.
BURIED TREASURE IN BELIZE???
16th & 17th Century Shipwrecks Off Lighthouse Atoll
Sir Robert Marx, a noted marine historian, has compiled lists of known shipwrecks in his book “Shipwrecks of the Western Hemisphere”. The following list, specific to Belize and Yucatan (Chinchorro Atoll), is excerpted from his publication.
YEAR 1815 (Ship lost at Lighthouse Reef Atoll) 1815 Scottish merchantman, “Lord Blandtyre”, Capt M’Lea, coming from Jamaica, wrecked in August on the “Southern Four Keys” (Lighthouse Reef).
YEAR 1821 (Ship lost at Lighthouse Reef Atoll) 1821 English merchantman, “Barrrosa”, Capt. Anderson, coming from London totally lost on Nov. 8 on the “Southern Fourth Reef” (Lighthouse Reef), crew and most of cargo saved.
Sir Robert Marx, a noted marine historian, has compiled lists of known shipwrecks in his book “Shipwrecks of the Western Hemisphere”. The following list, specific to Belize and Yucatan (Chinchorro Atoll), is excerpted from his publication.
YEAR 1815 (Ship lost at Lighthouse Reef Atoll) 1815 Scottish merchantman, “Lord Blandtyre”, Capt M’Lea, coming from Jamaica, wrecked in August on the “Southern Four Keys” (Lighthouse Reef).
YEAR 1821 (Ship lost at Lighthouse Reef Atoll) 1821 English merchantman, “Barrrosa”, Capt. Anderson, coming from London totally lost on Nov. 8 on the “Southern Fourth Reef” (Lighthouse Reef), crew and most of cargo saved.
BIRDS - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
BIRDING ON LIGHTHOUSE REEF ATOLL - The nesting birds are mainly frigate and red footed booby birds, but a total of 98 species have been recorded here: pelican, osprey, egret, gulls, storks and terns, to name but a few. Every day the frigate and booby birds put on a remarkable social display. At first light they can be seen soaring high above the island as one large flock. With hardly any noticeable wing movement, they ride the early morning air currents. Later, during the intense heat of the day, they can be easily photographed at their nests from the viewing platform. There is no obvious segregation in the nesting arrangements. Each bird, irrespective of species, has its own site. These are all very close to each other, often no more than pecking distance apart.
The magnificent frigate bird, to quote the full name, is much larger than the booby bird. It has a seven-foot wingspan and a much longer beak. Every day it uses this advantage of size to rob the booby bird of its food. By mid- afternoon, when the heat from the sun is diminishing, the booby birds go fishing. Like many species of seabird found around the world, it dives onto its prey from a great height over the sea.
By contrast, the frigate bird never lands on water, although it is very adept at plucking a dead fish from the surface. The afternoon ritual between these two species is one whereby the booby bird runs a gauntlet of harassing frigate birds which attempt, quite viciously, to make the booby bird drop its catch. And so the truce which had prevailed since last evening is broken. One cannot help but cheer the booby bird on to victory, and feel like rejoicing each time one of them returns successfully to the nest - to live in peaceful coexistence with its aggressor until the following afternoon.
The magnificent frigate bird, to quote the full name, is much larger than the booby bird. It has a seven-foot wingspan and a much longer beak. Every day it uses this advantage of size to rob the booby bird of its food. By mid- afternoon, when the heat from the sun is diminishing, the booby birds go fishing. Like many species of seabird found around the world, it dives onto its prey from a great height over the sea.
By contrast, the frigate bird never lands on water, although it is very adept at plucking a dead fish from the surface. The afternoon ritual between these two species is one whereby the booby bird runs a gauntlet of harassing frigate birds which attempt, quite viciously, to make the booby bird drop its catch. And so the truce which had prevailed since last evening is broken. One cannot help but cheer the booby bird on to victory, and feel like rejoicing each time one of them returns successfully to the nest - to live in peaceful coexistence with its aggressor until the following afternoon.
LIGHTHOUSE REEF - Diving
Lighthouse Reef - Most dive groups descend to a depth of about 135 feet. Technically, this is not a dive for novices or even intermediate divers, though many intermediate divers do it with a guide. It requires a rapid descent, a very short period at depth, and a careful ascent, requiring excellent buoyancy control. For a group of 10 or more, at least three dive masters should be present. Some feel that the Blue Hole, isn't everything it's been hyped up to be. From our own experience, the dive was extraordinary, and I gasped at the sure size of the gigantic formations, the infinite depth, and the Caribbean reef sharks that circle nearby. If that doesn't get your blood pumping, I don't know what else will. The lip of the crater down to about 60-80 feet has the most life: fat midnight parrot fish, stingrays, angelfish, butterfly fish, and other small reef fish cluster around coral heads and outcroppings.
Western Coast - Moving south along the western coast is Sandbore Reef. Here the continuous ledge begins to break up, and spur and groove formations begin to appear. The coral structures are, however, very impressive and rise up some 40 to 50 feet (12-15 m) above the sand chutes. There are many tunnels, small caves and swim- throughs which add to the overall dramatic effect. Throughout the length of Pelican Reef to the south of Sandbore Reef, divers are confronted by endless varieties of coral to a depth of 30 feet (9 m) before encountering the wall. Tube and barrel sponges are common, and there is a good chance of seeing nurse and bull sharks.
At Flamingo Tongue Point - gorgonians and sea fans adorn the coral compositions. On many of these, flamingo tongue cowries are found, usually in pairs. This is a delightful little shellfish which is easy to photograph as it grazes slowly along the gorgonian stalks. Many divers have collected these shells only to discover that the beautiful spots disappear when the animal dies as they are not on the shell, but are part of the retractable mantle. Underwater the spur and groove configurations continue as far as Cousteau Point. The large coral heads remain exciting and contain many creatures which divers might see for the first time.
Along Western Dip - the design of the ledge begins to take on a more continuous look with the spurs becoming much wider and the sand chutes very narrow. The ledge eventually becomes unbroken just before the dive site called the Corner. From a depth of 40 feet (12 M) the reef wall is vertical, becoming more gradual at depths of 100 to 120 feet (30-36 m). Bull and nurse sharks are regular visitors, as are manta and spotted eagle rays.
Continuing South - are rich and colorful coral structures at the very edge of a precipitous drop- off which are a feature of almost the entire length of Hat Reef. Each group of corals creates a unique arrangement. While each is very different, they all are worthy of attention.
South of Silver Point - the drop-off continues continues to enthrall. Elkhorn and staghorn corals peer over the top of the barrel and tube sponges which adorn the wall. Brain corals and mountainous star corals compete with each other to cover the reef wall while at the same time providing an anchorage for tunicates of all shapes and sizes. Hammerhead sharks have been seen cruising the reef, but these encounters are rare. It is more Iikely that divers will confront nurse sharks, spotted eagle rays or very large barracuda.
From Lonely Point north along Wreck Reef - the underwater ledge is wider and very similar to the ledge north of Half Moon Caye. Queen conch are found here, but oddly enough, I have not found any areas of sea grass on which it is so dependent for food. Once again the area is constantly buffeted by the Caribbean and is unsuitable for diving except on the calmest of days. When conditions are right, however, it can be a most rewarding experience with sightings of some of the larger pelagics.
From Eastern Dip - all the way to Half Moon Shoal, the south-facing reef compositions are as exciting as anywhere else in Belize and very popular among divers. With the winds and waves originating from the northeast, nature has created a unique, sheltered spot on the eastern coast.
At Flamingo Tongue Point - gorgonians and sea fans adorn the coral compositions. On many of these, flamingo tongue cowries are found, usually in pairs. This is a delightful little shellfish which is easy to photograph as it grazes slowly along the gorgonian stalks. Many divers have collected these shells only to discover that the beautiful spots disappear when the animal dies as they are not on the shell, but are part of the retractable mantle. Underwater the spur and groove configurations continue as far as Cousteau Point. The large coral heads remain exciting and contain many creatures which divers might see for the first time.
Along Western Dip - the design of the ledge begins to take on a more continuous look with the spurs becoming much wider and the sand chutes very narrow. The ledge eventually becomes unbroken just before the dive site called the Corner. From a depth of 40 feet (12 M) the reef wall is vertical, becoming more gradual at depths of 100 to 120 feet (30-36 m). Bull and nurse sharks are regular visitors, as are manta and spotted eagle rays.
Continuing South - are rich and colorful coral structures at the very edge of a precipitous drop- off which are a feature of almost the entire length of Hat Reef. Each group of corals creates a unique arrangement. While each is very different, they all are worthy of attention.
South of Silver Point - the drop-off continues continues to enthrall. Elkhorn and staghorn corals peer over the top of the barrel and tube sponges which adorn the wall. Brain corals and mountainous star corals compete with each other to cover the reef wall while at the same time providing an anchorage for tunicates of all shapes and sizes. Hammerhead sharks have been seen cruising the reef, but these encounters are rare. It is more Iikely that divers will confront nurse sharks, spotted eagle rays or very large barracuda.
From Lonely Point north along Wreck Reef - the underwater ledge is wider and very similar to the ledge north of Half Moon Caye. Queen conch are found here, but oddly enough, I have not found any areas of sea grass on which it is so dependent for food. Once again the area is constantly buffeted by the Caribbean and is unsuitable for diving except on the calmest of days. When conditions are right, however, it can be a most rewarding experience with sightings of some of the larger pelagics.
From Eastern Dip - all the way to Half Moon Shoal, the south-facing reef compositions are as exciting as anywhere else in Belize and very popular among divers. With the winds and waves originating from the northeast, nature has created a unique, sheltered spot on the eastern coast.
REEF ENTRANCES - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
Entrances to the Reef - There are few breaks through the reef crest on the North end of the Atoll. Northern Cut is one of only two substantial breaks in the reef. The underwater ledge is still very wide in this area and Nassau Point is another area where grouper like to spawn. Large Nassau grouper and rock hind are found all year round in the deeper waters, with countless snapper in the shallows.
Just North of Long Caye, there is one opening in the reef typically used by the diving trade (Fairweather Cut), for gaining access to and from the Blue Hole. Finger Cut is a cut in the reef on the west side of the atoll (very narrow), and can only be found by those with detailed knowledge of the reef.
Just North of Long Caye, there is one opening in the reef typically used by the diving trade (Fairweather Cut), for gaining access to and from the Blue Hole. Finger Cut is a cut in the reef on the west side of the atoll (very narrow), and can only be found by those with detailed knowledge of the reef.
DIVING THE BLUE HOLE
Blue Hole - This circular underwater formation, with its magnificent blue-to-black hues surrounded by neon water, is emblematic of Belize itself. The submerged shaft is a karst-eroded sinkhole. In the early 1970s, Jacques Cousteau and his crew explored the tunnels, caverns, and stalactites here, angled by past earthquakes.
The Great Blue Hole is a circular hole in the middle of Lighthouse Reef Atoll. About 1,000 feet across and just a little over 400 feet deep. You find coral only at the very top, along the rim of the hole. The lack of sunlight prevents coral growth on the inclining walls of the hole. Lack of coral leads to few fish as well. At about 130 feet of depth, one can see huge stalactites hanging off the overhang. Some of them more then 20 feet in length. Also at this depth several reef sharks and an occasional bull shark greet the divers. At certain days more than 20 of them chill out in the cool depth of the Blue Hole. These sharks have just recently named the hole their home and make for a very exciting dive.
The dive exceeds the depth limit of an Open Water Certified Diver by a few feet. On each dive there, the guides very carefully survey the dive party as to whether they want to see sharks or not. Never heard a group vote turn down a chance to see some sharks, which are seemingly absent at any other dive sites, except for harmless nurse sharks.
The dive exceeds the depth limit of an Open Water Certified Diver by a few feet. On each dive there, the guides very carefully survey the dive party as to whether they want to see sharks or not. Never heard a group vote turn down a chance to see some sharks, which are seemingly absent at any other dive sites, except for harmless nurse sharks.
DIVE SITES WEST SIDE
Note: Most of the diving at Lighthouse Reef Atoll, is on the western side of the Atoll. Located in the Center - The Blue Hole
DIVE SITES EAST SIDE
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LIGHTHOUSE ATOLL - Dive Sites
Located in the Center of Lighthouse Reef Atoll
GREAT BLUE HOLE
Depth Range: 5-412 ft (2 to 126 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None
Visibility: 100 ft (30 meters)
Expertise Required: Advanced
The origin of Blue Hole dates back to an ice age about 15,000 years ago. Enough sea water was frozen in glaciers during this time to lower sea level more than 350 ft, exposing the limestones of Lighthouse Reef. Huge subterranean caverns formed when fresh water flowed through the limestone deposits. Since then, the roof of the cavern has collapsed to form the sinkhole.
Made famous by a Jacques Cousteau's 1970 Calypso expedition, Blue Hole is one of the best known dive sites in Belize. It is a circular, deep depression in the center of more than 75 sq miles of shallow, blue-green water. Its diameter at the rim measures 1,045 ft, whereas its maximum depth is 412 ft. Except for two narrow passages on the eastern and northern rims, Blue Hole is completely rimmed by living coral.
For the advanced diver this site is well worth the trip. You should plan to dive either the north or south side to a depth of 100-150 ft where the shallowest cave features are found. Begin your dive by snorkeling to the coral rim. This serves two purposes: first, it conserves air, and second, it provides an opportunity to get everyone making the dive together before you descend. Your no-decompression bottom time is short at the planned depths so it is best to snorkel toward the center to Blue Hole, just beyond the vertical wall, before descending.
A good way of maintaining your orientation during descent is to stay reasonably close to the wall. As you descend, you will notice that the wall crests between 40-55 ft and continues as a vertical cliff to a depth of 90-100 ft before receding at a 55° angle. The resulting overhang forms a cavern ceiling from which hang stalactites more than 3 ft in diameter and up to 20 ft in length. Also found adorning the ceiling are numerous dripstone pillows. More than 50 ft below the crest of the ceiling, the cave floor is riddled with a collection of fallen stalactites, muddy sediment and an opening to a cave system. Surprisingly, the dimly lit walls of the cavern are covered by a variety of filamentous green algae, boring sponges and encrusting worms. Little other marine life appears present in the cavern, but the walls above are covered with cornflake algae and isolated growths of gorgonians. Sharks and turtles may be found here, but their presence in Blue Hole is unpredictable.
Marine life in Blue Hole and on the broad muddy sand slope that surrounds it is rather dismal, comparative to other sites in Belize. Algae and encrusting sponges mantle the walls to depth. Scattered growths of unhealthy stony coral rim the wall and occur scattered across the broad, muddy sand slope between the wall and shallow reefs. Most corals are heavily encrusted by red algae, hydroids and gorgonians. The only other conspicuous organisms here are shaving brush and mermaid's fan algae.
The most varied and lush marine life is found on the coral reefs that rim the perimeter of Blue Hole. The reefs occur in only a few feet of water, making them excellent for snorkeling. Stands of elkhorn, club finger and shallow-water starlet corals, giant green anemones and arious urchins occupy the shallow lagoon habitat.
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Depth Range: 5-412 ft (2 to 126 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None
Visibility: 100 ft (30 meters)
Expertise Required: Advanced
The origin of Blue Hole dates back to an ice age about 15,000 years ago. Enough sea water was frozen in glaciers during this time to lower sea level more than 350 ft, exposing the limestones of Lighthouse Reef. Huge subterranean caverns formed when fresh water flowed through the limestone deposits. Since then, the roof of the cavern has collapsed to form the sinkhole.
Made famous by a Jacques Cousteau's 1970 Calypso expedition, Blue Hole is one of the best known dive sites in Belize. It is a circular, deep depression in the center of more than 75 sq miles of shallow, blue-green water. Its diameter at the rim measures 1,045 ft, whereas its maximum depth is 412 ft. Except for two narrow passages on the eastern and northern rims, Blue Hole is completely rimmed by living coral.
For the advanced diver this site is well worth the trip. You should plan to dive either the north or south side to a depth of 100-150 ft where the shallowest cave features are found. Begin your dive by snorkeling to the coral rim. This serves two purposes: first, it conserves air, and second, it provides an opportunity to get everyone making the dive together before you descend. Your no-decompression bottom time is short at the planned depths so it is best to snorkel toward the center to Blue Hole, just beyond the vertical wall, before descending.
A good way of maintaining your orientation during descent is to stay reasonably close to the wall. As you descend, you will notice that the wall crests between 40-55 ft and continues as a vertical cliff to a depth of 90-100 ft before receding at a 55° angle. The resulting overhang forms a cavern ceiling from which hang stalactites more than 3 ft in diameter and up to 20 ft in length. Also found adorning the ceiling are numerous dripstone pillows. More than 50 ft below the crest of the ceiling, the cave floor is riddled with a collection of fallen stalactites, muddy sediment and an opening to a cave system. Surprisingly, the dimly lit walls of the cavern are covered by a variety of filamentous green algae, boring sponges and encrusting worms. Little other marine life appears present in the cavern, but the walls above are covered with cornflake algae and isolated growths of gorgonians. Sharks and turtles may be found here, but their presence in Blue Hole is unpredictable.
Marine life in Blue Hole and on the broad muddy sand slope that surrounds it is rather dismal, comparative to other sites in Belize. Algae and encrusting sponges mantle the walls to depth. Scattered growths of unhealthy stony coral rim the wall and occur scattered across the broad, muddy sand slope between the wall and shallow reefs. Most corals are heavily encrusted by red algae, hydroids and gorgonians. The only other conspicuous organisms here are shaving brush and mermaid's fan algae.
The most varied and lush marine life is found on the coral reefs that rim the perimeter of Blue Hole. The reefs occur in only a few feet of water, making them excellent for snorkeling. Stands of elkhorn, club finger and shallow-water starlet corals, giant green anemones and arious urchins occupy the shallow lagoon habitat.
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WESTERN DIVE SITES - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
Dive site descriptions for some of the more popular sites.
Dive site descriptions for some of the more popular sites.
NURSE SHARK LODGE
Depth Range: 40 ft (12 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
East of the Aquarium, on the same reef, lies Nurse Shark Lodge, a wall that plunges steeply into deep water all along this section of northern Long Caye. It offers great diving, but the site is singled out by dive charters because it constantly features large marine life.
Dive site names are often drawn from physical characteristics of the site or from exciting animal sightings. This site is no exception, regularly offering shark sightings, although I've not seen any during my dives here. The "Lodge" portion of the name refers to shallow caves that riddle the reefs and are reportedly used as sleeping quarters for sharks.
Why sharks persistently visit here is not known, but elsewhere in the world they are attracted to a particular promontory because of unusually rich feeding conditions. Whatever the reason for their presence here, sharks are a thrilling site for any diver.
Spur-and-groove formations that dominate here are also excellent for photography of corals, sponges and a variety of other invertebrates. Reef fish also like the many nooks, crannies and alleys that make excellent hiding places and predator escape routes.
Depth Range: 40 ft (12 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
East of the Aquarium, on the same reef, lies Nurse Shark Lodge, a wall that plunges steeply into deep water all along this section of northern Long Caye. It offers great diving, but the site is singled out by dive charters because it constantly features large marine life.
Dive site names are often drawn from physical characteristics of the site or from exciting animal sightings. This site is no exception, regularly offering shark sightings, although I've not seen any during my dives here. The "Lodge" portion of the name refers to shallow caves that riddle the reefs and are reportedly used as sleeping quarters for sharks.
Why sharks persistently visit here is not known, but elsewhere in the world they are attracted to a particular promontory because of unusually rich feeding conditions. Whatever the reason for their presence here, sharks are a thrilling site for any diver.
Spur-and-groove formations that dominate here are also excellent for photography of corals, sponges and a variety of other invertebrates. Reef fish also like the many nooks, crannies and alleys that make excellent hiding places and predator escape routes.
THE ABYSS - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
THE ABYSS - 40 to 100 feet, sheer wall.
MANTA WALL - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
MANTA WALL - This site is well known for its manta rays which are often seen leaping out of the water in the distance-an impressive spectacle. The wall is rife with other intriguing marine life as well, which on one occasion had occupied the last frames of my film when I turned to see what seemed like a monstrous apparition-a huge albino manta ray. Thus you'll just have to take me at my word on this.
THE PLAYGROUND
The Playground begins as a fairly featureless, sandy course sloping gently down to a depth of about 50 feet (15 m). Here a vertical wall drops to a narrow ledge at 100 feet (30 m). At the very limit of this ledge the coral rises up like a wide fence, some 25 to 30 feet (8-9 m) high on the far side of which is the final dropoff. This curious profile is full of big lobster, while fish life is abundant at every depth level.
The Playground begins as a fairly featureless, sandy course sloping gently down to a depth of about 50 feet (15 m). Here a vertical wall drops to a narrow ledge at 100 feet (30 m). At the very limit of this ledge the coral rises up like a wide fence, some 25 to 30 feet (8-9 m) high on the far side of which is the final dropoff. This curious profile is full of big lobster, while fish life is abundant at every depth level.
WEST POINT I & II
Depth Range: 25 ft (8 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Slight to moderate
Visibility: 50 ft (15 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
WEST POINT - Along the northern limb of Lighthouse are two infrequently visited dive sites. The southernmost is called West Point I, with West Point II to the north, which is about even with the Blue Hole. West Point is well worth the dive, both dives are excellent. Visibility can drop to 50 feet or less (may be a bit more limited than down south), but it's still very acceptable. The poor visibility is limited to the upper 20 feet.
The reef face here is stepped. Both reefs have a narrow rim adjacent to a wall that plunges to 125 feet. The first drop plunges from about 30 feet to well over 100 feet deep. The wall is vertical to slightly overhanging in most places. Another coral and sand slope at that depth extends a short distance before dropping vertically into very deep water. The first and shallow wall has pronounced overhangs and lush coral and sponge growth. A variety of sponges and corals decorate the wall with many shapes and colors. Below 125 ft there is a narrow terrace covered with sand and a sparse cover of coral. The gently sloped terrace leads right up to the edge of a second deep wall.
If watching or photographing fish is on your list, this is the one place you don't want to miss. Schools of smooth trunkfish, all four angelfish (queen, gray, French and rock beauty) and lots of parrotfish congregate here. Yellowtail snappers appear in great numbers, along with queen trigger- fish, white spotted filefish, hogfish, barracudas and tiger groupers. All the butterflyfish feed on the reef here too, including the rare longsnout. A variety of creole wrasses, blennies, gobies and hamlets need to also be included on this partial list.
Even if fish are not your main interest, you will find this site a joy to dive. Here too, the coral is healthy and at least as varied as the fish life. Conch and garden eels are found in the sand slopes behind the reef wall, whereas spotted and green moray eels hide in healthy coral growths.
Depth Range: 25 ft (8 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Slight to moderate
Visibility: 50 ft (15 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
WEST POINT - Along the northern limb of Lighthouse are two infrequently visited dive sites. The southernmost is called West Point I, with West Point II to the north, which is about even with the Blue Hole. West Point is well worth the dive, both dives are excellent. Visibility can drop to 50 feet or less (may be a bit more limited than down south), but it's still very acceptable. The poor visibility is limited to the upper 20 feet.
The reef face here is stepped. Both reefs have a narrow rim adjacent to a wall that plunges to 125 feet. The first drop plunges from about 30 feet to well over 100 feet deep. The wall is vertical to slightly overhanging in most places. Another coral and sand slope at that depth extends a short distance before dropping vertically into very deep water. The first and shallow wall has pronounced overhangs and lush coral and sponge growth. A variety of sponges and corals decorate the wall with many shapes and colors. Below 125 ft there is a narrow terrace covered with sand and a sparse cover of coral. The gently sloped terrace leads right up to the edge of a second deep wall.
If watching or photographing fish is on your list, this is the one place you don't want to miss. Schools of smooth trunkfish, all four angelfish (queen, gray, French and rock beauty) and lots of parrotfish congregate here. Yellowtail snappers appear in great numbers, along with queen trigger- fish, white spotted filefish, hogfish, barracudas and tiger groupers. All the butterflyfish feed on the reef here too, including the rare longsnout. A variety of creole wrasses, blennies, gobies and hamlets need to also be included on this partial list.
Even if fish are not your main interest, you will find this site a joy to dive. Here too, the coral is healthy and at least as varied as the fish life. Conch and garden eels are found in the sand slopes behind the reef wall, whereas spotted and green moray eels hide in healthy coral growths.
SOUTHWEST CUT
Depth Range: 40 ft (12 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal to strong
Visibility: 50 ft (15 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
Bordered by a wide channel, this site is exposed to a flood of lagoon water and sometimes ocean swells that cross the lagoon from the windward side. Frequent changes in current strength, visibility and water temperature can be expected during the day, except when winds come from the north or northwest. Even when favorable winds exist, water temperature will change dramatically near the wall, where a plume of warm lagoon water escapes in the channel, crosses the reef and passes over the cool water of the open sea.
The reef at Southwest Cut is peculiar. Much of the reef top is covered with algae, soft coral and sand. The reef is dissected by wide sand channels that plunge steeply to great depths. Except for local accumulations of turtle grass mats, the channels are pretty much barren of marine life. Only the wall with its many grottos and holes appears to team with life and offers the best opportunity to see shrimp, eels and various other organisms.
The variety of marine life seen during the day at this site can take your breath away, but the most consistent good diving occurs here at night. Dozens of basket starfish can be seen clinging to soft corals near and on the wall. A varied collection of eels also emerge from their shelters in the reef. Many come to the turtle grass mats in the channel to feed, while others, such as sharptail eels, are most frequently spotted in the large coral heads behind the wall. Here and elsewhere on the sand flats or among the scattered coral heads are good places to find scorpion fish and loads of tarpons can be seen swimming above the reef. You might also see some unusual critters here, such as the yellow-banded coral shrimp or the sail-finned blenny. You can also get right up to some of the trunkfish and filefish for some excellent photographs. Huge hogfish congregate here too, and there are always some nudibranchs or manta rays to spice up the diving at this site.
Depth Range: 40 ft (12 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal to strong
Visibility: 50 ft (15 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
Bordered by a wide channel, this site is exposed to a flood of lagoon water and sometimes ocean swells that cross the lagoon from the windward side. Frequent changes in current strength, visibility and water temperature can be expected during the day, except when winds come from the north or northwest. Even when favorable winds exist, water temperature will change dramatically near the wall, where a plume of warm lagoon water escapes in the channel, crosses the reef and passes over the cool water of the open sea.
The reef at Southwest Cut is peculiar. Much of the reef top is covered with algae, soft coral and sand. The reef is dissected by wide sand channels that plunge steeply to great depths. Except for local accumulations of turtle grass mats, the channels are pretty much barren of marine life. Only the wall with its many grottos and holes appears to team with life and offers the best opportunity to see shrimp, eels and various other organisms.
The variety of marine life seen during the day at this site can take your breath away, but the most consistent good diving occurs here at night. Dozens of basket starfish can be seen clinging to soft corals near and on the wall. A varied collection of eels also emerge from their shelters in the reef. Many come to the turtle grass mats in the channel to feed, while others, such as sharptail eels, are most frequently spotted in the large coral heads behind the wall. Here and elsewhere on the sand flats or among the scattered coral heads are good places to find scorpion fish and loads of tarpons can be seen swimming above the reef. You might also see some unusual critters here, such as the yellow-banded coral shrimp or the sail-finned blenny. You can also get right up to some of the trunkfish and filefish for some excellent photographs. Huge hogfish congregate here too, and there are always some nudibranchs or manta rays to spice up the diving at this site.
EAGLE RAY WALL
Depth Range: 35 ft (11 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
Eagle Ray Reef - Long Channel is the main entrance to the atoll and is continually used by small craft. just north of this channel, west of the reef crest known as Eagle Reef, there is some spectacular diving. However, the diver must always be aware of the surface traffic. Diving here is best later in the day when the sunlight penetrates to greater depths. The underwater ledge is narrow and covered in an abundance of coral, especially black coral. All the reef fishes are present along with some splendid grouper and snapper. This is where we begin to find small groups of the very largest spotted eagle rays cruising the reef.
Eagle Ray Wall - Opposite a tidal cut through the north end of Long Caye and near Nurse Shark Lodge lies Eagle Ray Wall. This area has an excellent shallow reef and colorful wall, exciting and ideal for snorkelers. The reef is no more than 3.5-40 ft beneath the surface right up to the wall. A series of long, straight coral ridges separated by sand gullies serve as natural navigation aids. Snorkelers following these structures into shallow water are led straight to the reef crest, whereas divers are directed to the wall in the opposite direction.
The wall plunges dramatically into deep water all along this part of the reef trend, where it is rich with corals and colorful red cup sponges. Here too, many painted tunicates occur clustered on a variety of soft coral branches between 60-65 ft deep. This wall is also riddled with many holes and grottos, which are home to a variety of fish and invertebrates.
On most dives here you can see eagle rays in graceful flight just off the wall. Usually, these magnificent creatures are seen about 40 ft below the surface, moving effortlessly through the water with majestic, slow sweeps of their wings. Their regular occurrence here may enable you to plan for some spectacular photographs or video with much depth of field.
Even if rays don't happen by, there are still plenty of photographic opportunities. Boats anchored here will sometimes swing parallel to the wall, making excellent silhouette shots with lots of colorful foreground.
Depth Range: 35 ft (11 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
Eagle Ray Reef - Long Channel is the main entrance to the atoll and is continually used by small craft. just north of this channel, west of the reef crest known as Eagle Reef, there is some spectacular diving. However, the diver must always be aware of the surface traffic. Diving here is best later in the day when the sunlight penetrates to greater depths. The underwater ledge is narrow and covered in an abundance of coral, especially black coral. All the reef fishes are present along with some splendid grouper and snapper. This is where we begin to find small groups of the very largest spotted eagle rays cruising the reef.
Eagle Ray Wall - Opposite a tidal cut through the north end of Long Caye and near Nurse Shark Lodge lies Eagle Ray Wall. This area has an excellent shallow reef and colorful wall, exciting and ideal for snorkelers. The reef is no more than 3.5-40 ft beneath the surface right up to the wall. A series of long, straight coral ridges separated by sand gullies serve as natural navigation aids. Snorkelers following these structures into shallow water are led straight to the reef crest, whereas divers are directed to the wall in the opposite direction.
The wall plunges dramatically into deep water all along this part of the reef trend, where it is rich with corals and colorful red cup sponges. Here too, many painted tunicates occur clustered on a variety of soft coral branches between 60-65 ft deep. This wall is also riddled with many holes and grottos, which are home to a variety of fish and invertebrates.
On most dives here you can see eagle rays in graceful flight just off the wall. Usually, these magnificent creatures are seen about 40 ft below the surface, moving effortlessly through the water with majestic, slow sweeps of their wings. Their regular occurrence here may enable you to plan for some spectacular photographs or video with much depth of field.
Even if rays don't happen by, there are still plenty of photographic opportunities. Boats anchored here will sometimes swing parallel to the wall, making excellent silhouette shots with lots of colorful foreground.
THE AQUARIUM
Depth Range: 30 ft (9 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal to strong
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
Off the northwestern corner of Long Caye, the main reef trend turns abruptly to the east. In doing so, it forms a major point and begins a significant change in reef topography. Well-defined, long coral ridges and sandy canyons run perpendicular to the reef line here and farther eastward. These begin shallow, extending seaward to 60 ft or more below the surface. Like Silver Caves, the coral ridges have many holes and grottos, providing a haven for all kinds of invertebrate and fish life.
Moderate to strong currents flow across the reef here almost all the time. They are strongest over the reef top and may be entirely absent along the wall itself. Divers who explore the north-facing wall of the point may find troublesome currents too and are advised to plan their dive accordingly. Currents along the point generally sweep across the reef from the east. To minimize the effect of the current, divers should drop down to the reef surface. By swimming east at the start, you will enjoy an effortless return trip to the boat.
Named for its varied invertebrate life, the Aquarium is a good place to see the common and unusual. Crinoids or sea feathers are of special interest here during the day. Many of these animals, which are normally hidden deep in the reef elsewhere, are more visible at the Aquarium. A good place to look for them is near the crest of the wall. Their orange or yellow feather-Like arms are fully exposed here. Only the small body and cirri (attachment appendages) are tucked beneath the coral formations.
Deep-water lace coral and black coral are other common animals along the top 50 ft of the wall. Most extend horizontally away from the wall with their network of branches oriented perpendicular to the slight current that occasionally sweeps the reef.
Fish are also varied and colorful at this site. If you look on top of the reef and in the dividing channels, you can find the usual variety of tropicals. Parrotfish of all shapes, sizes and varieties graze on the algae patches that mantle much of the reef top.
Depth Range: 30 ft (9 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal to strong
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
Off the northwestern corner of Long Caye, the main reef trend turns abruptly to the east. In doing so, it forms a major point and begins a significant change in reef topography. Well-defined, long coral ridges and sandy canyons run perpendicular to the reef line here and farther eastward. These begin shallow, extending seaward to 60 ft or more below the surface. Like Silver Caves, the coral ridges have many holes and grottos, providing a haven for all kinds of invertebrate and fish life.
Moderate to strong currents flow across the reef here almost all the time. They are strongest over the reef top and may be entirely absent along the wall itself. Divers who explore the north-facing wall of the point may find troublesome currents too and are advised to plan their dive accordingly. Currents along the point generally sweep across the reef from the east. To minimize the effect of the current, divers should drop down to the reef surface. By swimming east at the start, you will enjoy an effortless return trip to the boat.
Named for its varied invertebrate life, the Aquarium is a good place to see the common and unusual. Crinoids or sea feathers are of special interest here during the day. Many of these animals, which are normally hidden deep in the reef elsewhere, are more visible at the Aquarium. A good place to look for them is near the crest of the wall. Their orange or yellow feather-Like arms are fully exposed here. Only the small body and cirri (attachment appendages) are tucked beneath the coral formations.
Deep-water lace coral and black coral are other common animals along the top 50 ft of the wall. Most extend horizontally away from the wall with their network of branches oriented perpendicular to the slight current that occasionally sweeps the reef.
Fish are also varied and colorful at this site. If you look on top of the reef and in the dividing channels, you can find the usual variety of tropicals. Parrotfish of all shapes, sizes and varieties graze on the algae patches that mantle much of the reef top.
SILVER CAVES
Depth Range: 40 ft 02 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
The shoals of silversides (small gleaming minnows) that gave this western atoll site its name are gone, but Silver Caves is still impressive and enjoyable. The coral formations are riddled with large crevices and caves that cut clear through the reef. As you enter the water above the sandy slope where most boats anchor, you’ll be in about 30 feet of water and surrounded by friendly yellowtail snappers. Once again you’ll see the downwardly sloping bottom, the rising reef crest, and the stomach-flipping drop into the blue.
Just north of Cathedral, the reef forms a promontory. The reef here is shallow and deeply segmented. Coral development sets this site apart from all others. Huge coral formations create a framework riddled with cavities that make excellent hiding places for animals trying to escape predators.
Exciting discoveries can be made here and photographers can have some interesting challenges. Many of the nocturnal or light-sensitive animals can be found here during the daytime. A flashlight will reveal brittle starfish and sea urchins, waiting for sunset in their cave refuge. It will also turn what normally appears as a black hole into a brilliantly colored grotto. Red and orange encrusting sponges and moss animals carpet the sides and ceilings. Some searching among the richly colored surfaces may lead you to discover basket starfish and some rare sponges in shallow water. Basket starfish look very different during the day. With their arms wrapped around their round bodies, they form thin, white disks. Cave ceilings are an especially favorite resting place for these animals.
Few people have seen and recognized sclerosponges. In fact, they were considered extinct and were only rediscovered in the last 20 years when diving made studying deep reefs possible. These sponges are important reef builders below 150 ft and are now known to occupy caves in shallow water. Although rare, you can see them at this dive site. Peer into the grottos and look among the red sponges for small mounds of yellow to pale green that have the typical star pattern of the sclerosponges.
Like Silver Point, this site takes its name from a wealth of small silverside minnows. Countless numbers, perhaps even millions, of these small fish swim in such tight formations that they obscure the reef. Quite often the shoals will be attacked by hungry jacks and other preclatorsall very good for divers with underwater video equipment. As a diver swims through this avalanche of fish, they open in unison and the diver enters a tunnel of living fish which parts ahead of him and closes the door behind him. Like all shoals they move in perfect harmony, as though obeying a single command inaudible to the human ear.
It is above this stretch of reef that some of the larger live-aboard dive boats anchor. The depth here is never more than 20 to 25 feet (68 m) above the ledge. The shoals of silversides (small gleaming minnows) that gave this western atoll site its name are gone. But Silver Caves is still impressive an enjoyable. The coral formations are riddled with large crevices and caves that cut clear through the reef. As you enter the water above the sandy slope where most boats anchor, you'll be in about 30 feet of water and surrounded by friendly yellow-tail snappes. Once again you'll see the downwardly sloping bottom, this rising reef crest, and the stomach-flipping drop into the blue.
Depth Range: 40 ft 02 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
The shoals of silversides (small gleaming minnows) that gave this western atoll site its name are gone, but Silver Caves is still impressive and enjoyable. The coral formations are riddled with large crevices and caves that cut clear through the reef. As you enter the water above the sandy slope where most boats anchor, you’ll be in about 30 feet of water and surrounded by friendly yellowtail snappers. Once again you’ll see the downwardly sloping bottom, the rising reef crest, and the stomach-flipping drop into the blue.
Just north of Cathedral, the reef forms a promontory. The reef here is shallow and deeply segmented. Coral development sets this site apart from all others. Huge coral formations create a framework riddled with cavities that make excellent hiding places for animals trying to escape predators.
Exciting discoveries can be made here and photographers can have some interesting challenges. Many of the nocturnal or light-sensitive animals can be found here during the daytime. A flashlight will reveal brittle starfish and sea urchins, waiting for sunset in their cave refuge. It will also turn what normally appears as a black hole into a brilliantly colored grotto. Red and orange encrusting sponges and moss animals carpet the sides and ceilings. Some searching among the richly colored surfaces may lead you to discover basket starfish and some rare sponges in shallow water. Basket starfish look very different during the day. With their arms wrapped around their round bodies, they form thin, white disks. Cave ceilings are an especially favorite resting place for these animals.
Few people have seen and recognized sclerosponges. In fact, they were considered extinct and were only rediscovered in the last 20 years when diving made studying deep reefs possible. These sponges are important reef builders below 150 ft and are now known to occupy caves in shallow water. Although rare, you can see them at this dive site. Peer into the grottos and look among the red sponges for small mounds of yellow to pale green that have the typical star pattern of the sclerosponges.
Like Silver Point, this site takes its name from a wealth of small silverside minnows. Countless numbers, perhaps even millions, of these small fish swim in such tight formations that they obscure the reef. Quite often the shoals will be attacked by hungry jacks and other preclatorsall very good for divers with underwater video equipment. As a diver swims through this avalanche of fish, they open in unison and the diver enters a tunnel of living fish which parts ahead of him and closes the door behind him. Like all shoals they move in perfect harmony, as though obeying a single command inaudible to the human ear.
It is above this stretch of reef that some of the larger live-aboard dive boats anchor. The depth here is never more than 20 to 25 feet (68 m) above the ledge. The shoals of silversides (small gleaming minnows) that gave this western atoll site its name are gone. But Silver Caves is still impressive an enjoyable. The coral formations are riddled with large crevices and caves that cut clear through the reef. As you enter the water above the sandy slope where most boats anchor, you'll be in about 30 feet of water and surrounded by friendly yellow-tail snappes. Once again you'll see the downwardly sloping bottom, this rising reef crest, and the stomach-flipping drop into the blue.
CATHEDRAL REEF
Depth Range: 30 ft (9 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal
Visibility: 50 ft (15 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
Cathedral Reef starts shallow with the wall cresting at 30 ft. Unlike other parts of the Long Caye reef system, those at Cathedral are deeply segmented. Sculptured by and rising above the glistening sand channels are colorful coral spires and formations, which have inspired the name Cathedral. Divers will find exploring the top of the reef a rewarding experience especially when descending among the coral towers. You'll find great narrow passages and short tunnels beside some interesting and different marine life.
Macro photographers will love Cathedral. A lush coral garden adorns the reef top and a collection of sponges paints the deep parts of each coral stack red and orange. Healthy growths of boulder, brain and large plates of cactus coral make excellent photographic subjects. Sea anemones are varied and spread their tentacles out from protective coral nooks. Many act as protective hosts for little spotted brown and Pederson Cleaner shrimps. A varied and friendly fish population adds to the spectacle. Fish watchers will take delight with large French angels, stoplight parrots, trumpets, groupers and schools of yellowtail snappers. The angels and snappers are particularly easy photographic targets.
Beyond the shallow reef, large sheet coral up to 6 ft across mantle the wall. Here, huge basket, rope and long yellow tube sponges add form and grace to the rocky wall. Wire coral, deepwater lace and other soft coral form elegant growths that extend up to 5 ft from the wall. Look for turtles and lobsters among the living cover on the wall. Also keep an eye on the deep parts of the reef below you, and on the open sea, for large pelagics, such as eagle rays and huge groupers or jewfish.
At this point the ledge is very wide and contains a veritable catalog of the most exquisite fishes and marine creatures. Moray eels, especially green moray, are fairly common. Right in the center of the site is a tall arrangement of corals which rise like a small cluster of church spires. The tallest of these is over 8 feet (2.4 m) tall.
Between Silver Caves and Cathedral at the top of the reef wall, I witnessed a curious mating spectacle. Numerous creole wrasse were swimming around in pairs. Altogether there were thousands of these fish, but each pair was swimming independently. The male would swim above and behind the larger female. The fish were swimming with their pectoral fins, causing an erratic, almost comical, motion as they engaged in this ritual. ed in this ritual.
Depth Range: 30 ft (9 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal
Visibility: 50 ft (15 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
Cathedral Reef starts shallow with the wall cresting at 30 ft. Unlike other parts of the Long Caye reef system, those at Cathedral are deeply segmented. Sculptured by and rising above the glistening sand channels are colorful coral spires and formations, which have inspired the name Cathedral. Divers will find exploring the top of the reef a rewarding experience especially when descending among the coral towers. You'll find great narrow passages and short tunnels beside some interesting and different marine life.
Macro photographers will love Cathedral. A lush coral garden adorns the reef top and a collection of sponges paints the deep parts of each coral stack red and orange. Healthy growths of boulder, brain and large plates of cactus coral make excellent photographic subjects. Sea anemones are varied and spread their tentacles out from protective coral nooks. Many act as protective hosts for little spotted brown and Pederson Cleaner shrimps. A varied and friendly fish population adds to the spectacle. Fish watchers will take delight with large French angels, stoplight parrots, trumpets, groupers and schools of yellowtail snappers. The angels and snappers are particularly easy photographic targets.
Beyond the shallow reef, large sheet coral up to 6 ft across mantle the wall. Here, huge basket, rope and long yellow tube sponges add form and grace to the rocky wall. Wire coral, deepwater lace and other soft coral form elegant growths that extend up to 5 ft from the wall. Look for turtles and lobsters among the living cover on the wall. Also keep an eye on the deep parts of the reef below you, and on the open sea, for large pelagics, such as eagle rays and huge groupers or jewfish.
At this point the ledge is very wide and contains a veritable catalog of the most exquisite fishes and marine creatures. Moray eels, especially green moray, are fairly common. Right in the center of the site is a tall arrangement of corals which rise like a small cluster of church spires. The tallest of these is over 8 feet (2.4 m) tall.
Between Silver Caves and Cathedral at the top of the reef wall, I witnessed a curious mating spectacle. Numerous creole wrasse were swimming around in pairs. Altogether there were thousands of these fish, but each pair was swimming independently. The male would swim above and behind the larger female. The fish were swimming with their pectoral fins, causing an erratic, almost comical, motion as they engaged in this ritual. ed in this ritual.
QUEBRADA
Depth Range: 40 ft (12 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
If you move .5 mile north of Long Caye Ridge you will come to a small re-entrant in the reef known as Que Brada or "broken reef." This is another great dive site. Here, a narrow ridge of corals rims a crescent shaped wall. As elsewhere off the west side of Long Caye, the wall is vertical to slightly overhanging. At about 130 ft, a narrow sandy terrace littered with coral provides the only respite on this plunge to unexplored depths. Most dive boats anchor in one of several large sandy areas that interrupt the otherwise continuous coral growth just south of the re-entrant. Divers entering the water will see abundant isolated stacks of coral scattered across the sandy bottom beneath the boat. The coral patches extend right up the wall which, if followed north just a short distance, turns abruptly to the east.
Like elsewhere off Long Caye, coral and sponge growth provide plenty of interesting photography and color, but the most exciting photo subjects are friendly and varied fish. Live-aboard dive boats have been feeding fish here for several years now. Schools of yellowtail snappers shadow divers on the reefs. Large black groupers, ocean triggerfish and a host of others are abundant on the shallow wall and reef crest. Virtually all can be approached and photographed without much difficulty. Large spotted eagle rays and turtles also frequent the wall of this dive site.
Depth Range: 40 ft (12 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
If you move .5 mile north of Long Caye Ridge you will come to a small re-entrant in the reef known as Que Brada or "broken reef." This is another great dive site. Here, a narrow ridge of corals rims a crescent shaped wall. As elsewhere off the west side of Long Caye, the wall is vertical to slightly overhanging. At about 130 ft, a narrow sandy terrace littered with coral provides the only respite on this plunge to unexplored depths. Most dive boats anchor in one of several large sandy areas that interrupt the otherwise continuous coral growth just south of the re-entrant. Divers entering the water will see abundant isolated stacks of coral scattered across the sandy bottom beneath the boat. The coral patches extend right up the wall which, if followed north just a short distance, turns abruptly to the east.
Like elsewhere off Long Caye, coral and sponge growth provide plenty of interesting photography and color, but the most exciting photo subjects are friendly and varied fish. Live-aboard dive boats have been feeding fish here for several years now. Schools of yellowtail snappers shadow divers on the reefs. Large black groupers, ocean triggerfish and a host of others are abundant on the shallow wall and reef crest. Virtually all can be approached and photographed without much difficulty. Large spotted eagle rays and turtles also frequent the wall of this dive site.
LONG CAYE RIDGE
Depth Range: 40 ft (12 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
Long Caye Ridge is the third in a series of excellent walls and shallow reefs off the western side of Long Caye. It gets its name from a protruding ridge of reefs that form a small promontory just north of Tres Cocos. Spur-and-groove formations are well defined here on the bottom, leading to the wall and a drop-off of major proportions. The grooves run perpendicular to the wall and feed directly into the open sea.
The sponges, coral and fish here are similar to those seen on Hat Caye Dropoff. Near the drop-off and all along the wall are many large and colorful sponges and delicate gorgonians. Beneath the canopy of softcoral, tube and vase sponges are fresh growths of boulder, yellow pencil and finger corals. Deep parts of the wall are shingled with large plates of sheet and sunray coral, along with wire coral and small feather black coral trees. Look among the coral recesses for spotted filefish, arrow blennies, crabs, and lobsters. Threespot and dusky damselfish will charge you if you get too close to their algal gardens along the reef top. This is another stop along the Long Caye wall where your searching will reward you with some great photographic subjects.
Depth Range: 40 ft (12 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
Long Caye Ridge is the third in a series of excellent walls and shallow reefs off the western side of Long Caye. It gets its name from a protruding ridge of reefs that form a small promontory just north of Tres Cocos. Spur-and-groove formations are well defined here on the bottom, leading to the wall and a drop-off of major proportions. The grooves run perpendicular to the wall and feed directly into the open sea.
The sponges, coral and fish here are similar to those seen on Hat Caye Dropoff. Near the drop-off and all along the wall are many large and colorful sponges and delicate gorgonians. Beneath the canopy of softcoral, tube and vase sponges are fresh growths of boulder, yellow pencil and finger corals. Deep parts of the wall are shingled with large plates of sheet and sunray coral, along with wire coral and small feather black coral trees. Look among the coral recesses for spotted filefish, arrow blennies, crabs, and lobsters. Threespot and dusky damselfish will charge you if you get too close to their algal gardens along the reef top. This is another stop along the Long Caye wall where your searching will reward you with some great photographic subjects.
TRES COCOS
Depth Range: 30 ft (9 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal to moderate
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
On the western wall, "Three Coconuts" refers to trees on nearby Long Caye. This reef lies about 1 mile north of Hat Caye Drop-Off. The sandy bottom slopes from about 30 feet to about 40 feet deep before it plunges downward. Overhangs here are common features, and sponges and soft corals adorn the walls. Another fish lover's paradise, Tres Cocos does not have the outstanding coral formations you'll see at several other dives in the area, but who cares? There's a rainbow of marine life all about. Turtles, morays, jacks, coral, shrimp, cowfish, rays, and angelfish are among the actors on this colorful stage.
It is the second of a series of superb dive sites found on the main western reef line of Lighthouse. The first of its many attractions is a shallow coral reef and wall with some large overhangs. Although algae cover much of the shallow reef, you'll find a satisfying collection of other marine life. Large spotted moray eels, lion's paw sea cucumbers, several kinds of urchins, coral shrimp, arrow crabs and sea feathers are just some examples of the invertebrates that seek refuge here. Cowfish scull around patches of coral and juvenile jackknife-fish stay close to the protective holes found everywhere on the reef. A host of damselfish, parrotfish and blue tang are attracted by the algal lawn, and schools of jacks share the water above the reef with very large and hungry black groupers.
Black coral bushes develop on the wall at 30 ft. Turtles are common visitors, coming here to graze algae on the sand slopes, while Spanish mackerels and Creole wrasses look for food just off the wall.
Following the wall northward, divers will discover large sand flats replace the reef and a wall enhanced with beautiful coral arches 30-40 ft below the surface. Conch, rays and peacock flounders are the main attractions on the sand flats. Graceful tube sponges and delicate soft corals hang elegantly from the arches and wall. At 45-65 ft, divers can find small schools of blackcap basslets close to or under the overhangs. On exceptional days, this part of Tres Cocos offers some of the most dramatic and colorful underwater photography possibilities found anywhere in Belize.
Depth Range: 30 ft (9 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: Minimal to moderate
Visibility: 80 ft (24 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
On the western wall, "Three Coconuts" refers to trees on nearby Long Caye. This reef lies about 1 mile north of Hat Caye Drop-Off. The sandy bottom slopes from about 30 feet to about 40 feet deep before it plunges downward. Overhangs here are common features, and sponges and soft corals adorn the walls. Another fish lover's paradise, Tres Cocos does not have the outstanding coral formations you'll see at several other dives in the area, but who cares? There's a rainbow of marine life all about. Turtles, morays, jacks, coral, shrimp, cowfish, rays, and angelfish are among the actors on this colorful stage.
It is the second of a series of superb dive sites found on the main western reef line of Lighthouse. The first of its many attractions is a shallow coral reef and wall with some large overhangs. Although algae cover much of the shallow reef, you'll find a satisfying collection of other marine life. Large spotted moray eels, lion's paw sea cucumbers, several kinds of urchins, coral shrimp, arrow crabs and sea feathers are just some examples of the invertebrates that seek refuge here. Cowfish scull around patches of coral and juvenile jackknife-fish stay close to the protective holes found everywhere on the reef. A host of damselfish, parrotfish and blue tang are attracted by the algal lawn, and schools of jacks share the water above the reef with very large and hungry black groupers.
Black coral bushes develop on the wall at 30 ft. Turtles are common visitors, coming here to graze algae on the sand slopes, while Spanish mackerels and Creole wrasses look for food just off the wall.
Following the wall northward, divers will discover large sand flats replace the reef and a wall enhanced with beautiful coral arches 30-40 ft below the surface. Conch, rays and peacock flounders are the main attractions on the sand flats. Graceful tube sponges and delicate soft corals hang elegantly from the arches and wall. At 45-65 ft, divers can find small schools of blackcap basslets close to or under the overhangs. On exceptional days, this part of Tres Cocos offers some of the most dramatic and colorful underwater photography possibilities found anywhere in Belize.
HAT CAYE DROP-OFF
Depth Range: 50 ft (15 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 50 ft (15 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
A short distance west from a tiny island called Hat Caye is a reef drop-off that bears its name. Situated along the main wall in the western limb of Lighthouse Reef, it has an interesting shallow reef and is the southernmost site dive boats regularly visit on this atoll. The shallow reef is wide, with an extensive patch of sloping sand separating two reefs: a very shallow reef near the island and a narrow line of reefs that hug the drop-off at 50 ft.
Dive boats typically anchor above the sloping sand areas close to the wall. Both the drop-off and adjoining reefs offer some exciting diving with dramatic wideangle photographic possibilities, but the sandy slope behind the reef rimming the wall should not be ignored. It has some unique marine life. Along the rim of Hat Caye Drop-off are some huge basket sponges, the largest quite capable of completely hiding a diver. In the midst of such grandeur, many divers feel the need to climb inside the cavernous sponge opening. However sponges, which take a long time to grow, invariably get damaged by fins, tanks, or hands during such maneuvers. Damaged sponge tissue is susceptible to disease, which can eventually kill the sponge.
Basket sponges are also home to many other animals and their rough exterior surface should be checked over carefully. Brittle starfish by the hundreds are quite common, but during the day most hide in the deep pits of the sponge. Often, only a few hairy starfish arms can be seen wrapped around the many knobby external sponge growths. Look here for white antennae that belong to the red and white coral shrimp.
The drop-off also has several other major marine life attractions, including an abundance of deep-water lace coral, giant yellow tube sponges and lots of fish. You may have to do several dives here to appreciate everything this site has to offer.
Depth Range: 50 ft (15 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 50 ft (15 meters)
Expertise Required: Novice
A short distance west from a tiny island called Hat Caye is a reef drop-off that bears its name. Situated along the main wall in the western limb of Lighthouse Reef, it has an interesting shallow reef and is the southernmost site dive boats regularly visit on this atoll. The shallow reef is wide, with an extensive patch of sloping sand separating two reefs: a very shallow reef near the island and a narrow line of reefs that hug the drop-off at 50 ft.
Dive boats typically anchor above the sloping sand areas close to the wall. Both the drop-off and adjoining reefs offer some exciting diving with dramatic wideangle photographic possibilities, but the sandy slope behind the reef rimming the wall should not be ignored. It has some unique marine life. Along the rim of Hat Caye Drop-off are some huge basket sponges, the largest quite capable of completely hiding a diver. In the midst of such grandeur, many divers feel the need to climb inside the cavernous sponge opening. However sponges, which take a long time to grow, invariably get damaged by fins, tanks, or hands during such maneuvers. Damaged sponge tissue is susceptible to disease, which can eventually kill the sponge.
Basket sponges are also home to many other animals and their rough exterior surface should be checked over carefully. Brittle starfish by the hundreds are quite common, but during the day most hide in the deep pits of the sponge. Often, only a few hairy starfish arms can be seen wrapped around the many knobby external sponge growths. Look here for white antennae that belong to the red and white coral shrimp.
The drop-off also has several other major marine life attractions, including an abundance of deep-water lace coral, giant yellow tube sponges and lots of fish. You may have to do several dives here to appreciate everything this site has to offer.
EASTERN DIVE SITES - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
Dive site descriptions for some of the more popular sites.
Dive site descriptions for some of the more popular sites.
HALF MOON CAYE WALL
Depth Range: 30 ft (9 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 100 ft (30 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
They just don't come much better than this. On the eastern side of the Lighthouse Reef Atoll, the reef has a shallow shelf in about 15 feet of water where garden eels are plentiful. The sandy area broken with corals extends downward till you run into the reef wall, which rises some 20 feet toward the surface. Most boats anchor in the sandy area above the reef wall. Numerous fissures in the reef crest form canyons or tunnels leading out to the vertical face. In this area, sandy shelves and valleys frequently harbor nurse sharks and gigantic stingrays. Divers here are sure to return with a wealth of wonderful pictures.
Half Moon Wall is an exceptional dive site now included in the newly erected Half Moon Caye National Monument on Lighthouse. Anyone who has the opportunity to dive the offshore atolls should try to dive Half Moon Wall. Here, you can make several different types of dives without moving the boat, and between dives you can take time to picnic or observe the boobie bird colony on Half Moon Caye. It is one of my favorite dives because the reefs are so spectacular and varied.
Located on the south side of Half Moon Caye are two striking reef features. First, the coral formations form a narrow rim at the edge of the wall which, in most places, is only 100-200 ft wide. Second, an extensive gently sloping, seemingly barren sand flat separates the reef rim from shallow reefs along the shore.
As you glide down to the reefs 30 ft below, you will see the reef rim has a spectacular development of spurs and grooves. The living spurs are massive coral accumulations subdivided by seaward sloping grooves up to 30 ft deep at the wall. Many grooves are quite narrow, but easily negotiated by a diver. One of the exciting aspects of this dive is entering one of the grooves and following it seaward. Muddy sand floors the grooves and divers should take special precautions not to stir up the bottom with their fins. Many grooves feature pronounced overhangs that locally coalesce to form tunnels, also known as Grover's Grottos. All tunnels are short and straight so no special dive equipment or experience is needed. As the tunnels near the wall they reach depths of 70 ft or more.
Large and small marine life abounds on the Half Moon Wall reefs. It is extremely varied because of the abrupt and extensive change in bottom type. If you want to see garden eels, conch, rays, flounder, star-eye hermit crabs and tilefish, check out the sand flats behind the reefs rimming the wall. Manta rays and a variety of reef fish forage in this area regularly, too.
On the reef, groupers and yellowtail snappers hide out beneath the coral hanging over the reef canyons. Razorfish and toadfish are another common sight on the reef, adjacent to the sloping sand flat. Large pelagics frequent the reef wall. Spotted eagle rays and turtles are most common, but occasionally sharks and large black groupers visit the area. Most of the large marine life is found more frequently along the eastern part of this dive site, as the large pelagics venture in from the open sea to the east.
All divers should take time to see the spectacular field of garden eels found on the sloping sand flats behind the reefs along the wall. Thousands of eels can be seen from a distance off the western end of Half Moon Caye. But you will only see their graceful, slender bodies protruding from a hole in the sand from a distance. These animals are extremely shy and getting a close look may take considerable time. As you approach them you will see successive waves of eels retreat into their protective sand flat shelters.
Half Moon Caye Wall is one of the best dive sites of the world. It is, as the name says, a wall dive if you ever get to see past the barrier of coral that separates the inner and outer reef. The dive can be done fairly shallow and will never get boring. Abundance of all kinds of marine life make it hard to keep concentrated on just one thing. Should you choose to visit the outer walls, majestic Eagle Rays and Manta Rays are known to patrol this steep abyss.
The reef crest comprises a veritable thicket of staghorn coral with other corals also present. The reef drops steeply to a shelf at a depth of about 15 feet (5 m). Along this shelf there is a large expanse of sand which at first glance appears totally uninteresting. It is here, however, that a large community of garden eels is found. From a distance divers will think they are looking at sparse vegetation, but on closer examination each "leaf" turns out to be the upper half of a small eel protruding upright from its hole in the sand. A diver may get as close as 10 to 15 feet (3- 5 m) before they all disappear from sight. Also known as sand eels, there are very few colonies of this mysterious little creature found in Belize, and none allow divers to venture too close.
The sand continues to slope gently until reaching a depth of between 45 and 50 feet (14-15 m). Here divers are at the back of Half Moon Wall, facing an outcrop of coral which rises up Iike a barrier along the very edge of the reef wall. To reach the front of the wall, you can rise up to within 20 feet (6 m) of the surface and swim over the barrier. There are also narrow gaps between the splendid outcrops of coral just wide enough for a single diver. The most interesting route is, as always, to find a tunnel and swim through the archway of living coral. Whichever route is taken, it is nothing compared to the breathtaking scenery
South of Cathedral is Quebrada (the break), a single sand chute through the coral which reaches all the way to the reef wall. This wide ledge in such shallow water is absolutely amazing. The corridor allows divers to swim along inspecting the marine life which hides at the bottom of the coral. Arrow crabs, redbanded coral shrimp and juvenile spotted drums are all there, as well as a good number of green moray eels.
Depth Range: 30 ft (9 meters) to unlimited (wall)
Current Conditions: None to minimal
Visibility: 100 ft (30 meters)
Expertise Required: Intermediate
They just don't come much better than this. On the eastern side of the Lighthouse Reef Atoll, the reef has a shallow shelf in about 15 feet of water where garden eels are plentiful. The sandy area broken with corals extends downward till you run into the reef wall, which rises some 20 feet toward the surface. Most boats anchor in the sandy area above the reef wall. Numerous fissures in the reef crest form canyons or tunnels leading out to the vertical face. In this area, sandy shelves and valleys frequently harbor nurse sharks and gigantic stingrays. Divers here are sure to return with a wealth of wonderful pictures.
Half Moon Wall is an exceptional dive site now included in the newly erected Half Moon Caye National Monument on Lighthouse. Anyone who has the opportunity to dive the offshore atolls should try to dive Half Moon Wall. Here, you can make several different types of dives without moving the boat, and between dives you can take time to picnic or observe the boobie bird colony on Half Moon Caye. It is one of my favorite dives because the reefs are so spectacular and varied.
Located on the south side of Half Moon Caye are two striking reef features. First, the coral formations form a narrow rim at the edge of the wall which, in most places, is only 100-200 ft wide. Second, an extensive gently sloping, seemingly barren sand flat separates the reef rim from shallow reefs along the shore.
As you glide down to the reefs 30 ft below, you will see the reef rim has a spectacular development of spurs and grooves. The living spurs are massive coral accumulations subdivided by seaward sloping grooves up to 30 ft deep at the wall. Many grooves are quite narrow, but easily negotiated by a diver. One of the exciting aspects of this dive is entering one of the grooves and following it seaward. Muddy sand floors the grooves and divers should take special precautions not to stir up the bottom with their fins. Many grooves feature pronounced overhangs that locally coalesce to form tunnels, also known as Grover's Grottos. All tunnels are short and straight so no special dive equipment or experience is needed. As the tunnels near the wall they reach depths of 70 ft or more.
Large and small marine life abounds on the Half Moon Wall reefs. It is extremely varied because of the abrupt and extensive change in bottom type. If you want to see garden eels, conch, rays, flounder, star-eye hermit crabs and tilefish, check out the sand flats behind the reefs rimming the wall. Manta rays and a variety of reef fish forage in this area regularly, too.
On the reef, groupers and yellowtail snappers hide out beneath the coral hanging over the reef canyons. Razorfish and toadfish are another common sight on the reef, adjacent to the sloping sand flat. Large pelagics frequent the reef wall. Spotted eagle rays and turtles are most common, but occasionally sharks and large black groupers visit the area. Most of the large marine life is found more frequently along the eastern part of this dive site, as the large pelagics venture in from the open sea to the east.
All divers should take time to see the spectacular field of garden eels found on the sloping sand flats behind the reefs along the wall. Thousands of eels can be seen from a distance off the western end of Half Moon Caye. But you will only see their graceful, slender bodies protruding from a hole in the sand from a distance. These animals are extremely shy and getting a close look may take considerable time. As you approach them you will see successive waves of eels retreat into their protective sand flat shelters.
Half Moon Caye Wall is one of the best dive sites of the world. It is, as the name says, a wall dive if you ever get to see past the barrier of coral that separates the inner and outer reef. The dive can be done fairly shallow and will never get boring. Abundance of all kinds of marine life make it hard to keep concentrated on just one thing. Should you choose to visit the outer walls, majestic Eagle Rays and Manta Rays are known to patrol this steep abyss.
The reef crest comprises a veritable thicket of staghorn coral with other corals also present. The reef drops steeply to a shelf at a depth of about 15 feet (5 m). Along this shelf there is a large expanse of sand which at first glance appears totally uninteresting. It is here, however, that a large community of garden eels is found. From a distance divers will think they are looking at sparse vegetation, but on closer examination each "leaf" turns out to be the upper half of a small eel protruding upright from its hole in the sand. A diver may get as close as 10 to 15 feet (3- 5 m) before they all disappear from sight. Also known as sand eels, there are very few colonies of this mysterious little creature found in Belize, and none allow divers to venture too close.
The sand continues to slope gently until reaching a depth of between 45 and 50 feet (14-15 m). Here divers are at the back of Half Moon Wall, facing an outcrop of coral which rises up Iike a barrier along the very edge of the reef wall. To reach the front of the wall, you can rise up to within 20 feet (6 m) of the surface and swim over the barrier. There are also narrow gaps between the splendid outcrops of coral just wide enough for a single diver. The most interesting route is, as always, to find a tunnel and swim through the archway of living coral. Whichever route is taken, it is nothing compared to the breathtaking scenery
South of Cathedral is Quebrada (the break), a single sand chute through the coral which reaches all the way to the reef wall. This wide ledge in such shallow water is absolutely amazing. The corridor allows divers to swim along inspecting the marine life which hides at the bottom of the coral. Arrow crabs, redbanded coral shrimp and juvenile spotted drums are all there, as well as a good number of green moray eels.
GORGONIAN FOREST
The entire northwest corner of the atol I offers underwater visibility at its best, and the terrain below the surface is truly magnificent. The massive coral outcrops rising up from the ledge at the very edge of the precipice are covered in a splendid gorgonian forest. The "foliage" ranges from the palest pinks and greens to the deepest reds and darkest blues and purples. Some of the finest examples of reef fishes in their prime are found here in good numbers.
The entire northwest corner of the atol I offers underwater visibility at its best, and the terrain below the surface is truly magnificent. The massive coral outcrops rising up from the ledge at the very edge of the precipice are covered in a splendid gorgonian forest. The "foliage" ranges from the palest pinks and greens to the deepest reds and darkest blues and purples. Some of the finest examples of reef fishes in their prime are found here in good numbers.
SABO WRECK
25 - 35 feet, wreck dive. Grounded freighter. Shoals of Snapper!
25 - 35 feet, wreck dive. Grounded freighter. Shoals of Snapper!
ADDITIONAL DIVE SITES - Lighthouse Reef Atoll
TARPON WALL
Just below West Point is Tarpon Wall with a distinctive profile all its own. The sandy ledge drops gently to a depth of 35 feet (11 m) over a distance of about 100 yards (91 m). Here the coral has formed another barrier and rises up to within 15 feet (5 m) of the surface. On the far side of this barrier is a 75-foot (23 m) vertical drop to a narrow ledge at a depth of 90 feet (27 m). Beyond this ledge the reef wall continues its vertical descent. Lobster, grouper and snapper fill the many tunnels and small schools of jacks and tarpon can be expected on every dive. on every dive.
Just below West Point is Tarpon Wall with a distinctive profile all its own. The sandy ledge drops gently to a depth of 35 feet (11 m) over a distance of about 100 yards (91 m). Here the coral has formed another barrier and rises up to within 15 feet (5 m) of the surface. On the far side of this barrier is a 75-foot (23 m) vertical drop to a narrow ledge at a depth of 90 feet (27 m). Beyond this ledge the reef wall continues its vertical descent. Lobster, grouper and snapper fill the many tunnels and small schools of jacks and tarpon can be expected on every dive. on every dive.
TRES CABEZA
Just north of West Point is a bare, rocky outcrop. About 100 yards (91 m) due west of this marker at a depth of 30 feet (9 m) is Tres Cabeza, meaning "three heads." Here one encounters three large and magnificent coral structures. They provide countless hideaways for grouper and lobster. Turtles are regularly seen here and there is good chance of seeing manta and large spotted eagle rays.
Just north of West Point is a bare, rocky outcrop. About 100 yards (91 m) due west of this marker at a depth of 30 feet (9 m) is Tres Cabeza, meaning "three heads." Here one encounters three large and magnificent coral structures. They provide countless hideaways for grouper and lobster. Turtles are regularly seen here and there is good chance of seeing manta and large spotted eagle rays.
THE CORNER
The Corner is the beginning of the Northwest Wall. The scenery as seen from 30 feet (9 m) above this living vertical wall is as sensational as anywhere else in the Caribbean. Manta. rays are still seen, but the small groups of large spotted eagle rays are ever present. Single large barracuda hover almost unnoticed in these well- chosen hunting grounds. At the top of the cliff face, large angelfishes abound, and in the deeper waters the grouper are always ready to confront the diver with a challenging stare.
The Corner is the beginning of the Northwest Wall. The scenery as seen from 30 feet (9 m) above this living vertical wall is as sensational as anywhere else in the Caribbean. Manta. rays are still seen, but the small groups of large spotted eagle rays are ever present. Single large barracuda hover almost unnoticed in these well- chosen hunting grounds. At the top of the cliff face, large angelfishes abound, and in the deeper waters the grouper are always ready to confront the diver with a challenging stare.
THE "V'S"
Here at a depth of 30 feet (9 m), divers are above a narrow ledge, looking down on a magnificent reef wall which continues unbroken for some distance around a complex and very interesting part of the coastline. This site is named after the V-shaped coral formations at the top of the wall.
Here at a depth of 30 feet (9 m), divers are above a narrow ledge, looking down on a magnificent reef wall which continues unbroken for some distance around a complex and very interesting part of the coastline. This site is named after the V-shaped coral formations at the top of the wall.
THE ZOO
This site is so named because of the tremendous variety of fish in a single spot. All the common reef fishes are not only here, and in good numbers, they are each a splendid example of the species. Along the ledge above the reef wall, the corals are arranged in tidy little combinations, each being attractive to a particular species. Sergeant major damselfish will occupy one coral head with the blue chromis firmly inhabiting another. Below them the longspine squirrelfish and rock beauty seek refuge in the large holes. All around, French angelfish, gray angelfish, banded butterflyfish and foureye butterflyfish flit from coral head to coral head-always in pairs. The very edge of the reef is at 30 feet (10 m) and below this, the wall is as equally exciting in terms of fish life. xciting in terms of fish life.
This site is so named because of the tremendous variety of fish in a single spot. All the common reef fishes are not only here, and in good numbers, they are each a splendid example of the species. Along the ledge above the reef wall, the corals are arranged in tidy little combinations, each being attractive to a particular species. Sergeant major damselfish will occupy one coral head with the blue chromis firmly inhabiting another. Below them the longspine squirrelfish and rock beauty seek refuge in the large holes. All around, French angelfish, gray angelfish, banded butterflyfish and foureye butterflyfish flit from coral head to coral head-always in pairs. The very edge of the reef is at 30 feet (10 m) and below this, the wall is as equally exciting in terms of fish life. xciting in terms of fish life.
HOGFISH CUT
Towards Hogfish Cut the continuous coral ledge begins to break up and the gaps between each coral head become very wide. Large hogfish are found here in significant numbers. The male, which can grow up to 3 feet (1 m) long, is a contrasting, almost black and white fish with three long spines at the beginning of the dorsal fin. It is shy and often difficult to photograph.
Towards Hogfish Cut the continuous coral ledge begins to break up and the gaps between each coral head become very wide. Large hogfish are found here in significant numbers. The male, which can grow up to 3 feet (1 m) long, is a contrasting, almost black and white fish with three long spines at the beginning of the dorsal fin. It is shy and often difficult to photograph.
FLATS WALL
Right in the middle of Eastern Dip there is a little- known cut through the reef crest. No more than 15 feet (5 m) wide, it is an entrance to be used only by those who know the area well. Below this cut is a curious dive site known as Flats Wall. From the reef crest the bedrock slopes gently and consistently away to a depth of 45 to 50 feet (14-15 m) at the top of the drop-off.
This bedrock is covered in conch grass. One assumes from the name that the conch feed on this grass as well as sea grass, but no conch were seen on my visits to the site. Conch grass is different from sea grass; it looks like a covering of green moss and definitely attracts a number of different minute creatures. Hydrozoans, tunicates, small crabs and shrimp take the place of the common reef fishes, although a small number are always present. Large sea fans and gorgonians dominate the edge of the ledge. which awaits.
Half Moon Wall is incredible. The vertical wall at times cuts back in on itself, displaying many interesting features. Sponges protrude t right angles to the reef, competing for space with gorgonians and sea fans. Mountainous star and giant brain coral are interspersed wi h smaller clumps of staghorn, brain and lettuce coral. Anchored amongst these are the hydrozoans and tunicates.
The top of the wall is ablaze with fish life: large angelfishes in groups of four or five; every variety of btutterflyfish, always in pairs; large squirrelfishes posing outside their holes; and small grouper, impatient to see the world deeper down, looking and behaving in the same way as their much larger parents.
Turtles are common-they lay their eggs on Half Moon Caye-but the real excitement is generated by the pelagics. This is the only sheltered dive site on the eastern side of any of the three atoll reefs and divers can expect some really amazing encounters. Oceanic whitetip sharks (complete with their attendant pilotfish), lemon, blacktip and bull sharks,are likely to be seen. The very largest of manta rays and good specimens of spotted eagle rays are frequently seen. At the very limit of safe diving are very large jewfish- some so large they might stalk the diver, although they pose no danger. The wall continues down well beyond the safe reach of scuba divers.
This magnificent site is only a short distance from the idyllic tropical island of Half Moon Caye, and combines marine and terrestrial beauty in a manner which is, in my experience, unsurpassed.
Right in the middle of Eastern Dip there is a little- known cut through the reef crest. No more than 15 feet (5 m) wide, it is an entrance to be used only by those who know the area well. Below this cut is a curious dive site known as Flats Wall. From the reef crest the bedrock slopes gently and consistently away to a depth of 45 to 50 feet (14-15 m) at the top of the drop-off.
This bedrock is covered in conch grass. One assumes from the name that the conch feed on this grass as well as sea grass, but no conch were seen on my visits to the site. Conch grass is different from sea grass; it looks like a covering of green moss and definitely attracts a number of different minute creatures. Hydrozoans, tunicates, small crabs and shrimp take the place of the common reef fishes, although a small number are always present. Large sea fans and gorgonians dominate the edge of the ledge. which awaits.
Half Moon Wall is incredible. The vertical wall at times cuts back in on itself, displaying many interesting features. Sponges protrude t right angles to the reef, competing for space with gorgonians and sea fans. Mountainous star and giant brain coral are interspersed wi h smaller clumps of staghorn, brain and lettuce coral. Anchored amongst these are the hydrozoans and tunicates.
The top of the wall is ablaze with fish life: large angelfishes in groups of four or five; every variety of btutterflyfish, always in pairs; large squirrelfishes posing outside their holes; and small grouper, impatient to see the world deeper down, looking and behaving in the same way as their much larger parents.
Turtles are common-they lay their eggs on Half Moon Caye-but the real excitement is generated by the pelagics. This is the only sheltered dive site on the eastern side of any of the three atoll reefs and divers can expect some really amazing encounters. Oceanic whitetip sharks (complete with their attendant pilotfish), lemon, blacktip and bull sharks,are likely to be seen. The very largest of manta rays and good specimens of spotted eagle rays are frequently seen. At the very limit of safe diving are very large jewfish- some so large they might stalk the diver, although they pose no danger. The wall continues down well beyond the safe reach of scuba divers.
This magnificent site is only a short distance from the idyllic tropical island of Half Moon Caye, and combines marine and terrestrial beauty in a manner which is, in my experience, unsurpassed.
THE TOWER
Everyone should go to the observation tower, built by the Audubon Society in the zericote forest; climb above the forest canopy for an unbelievable view. Every tree is covered with perched booby birds in some stage of growth or mating. In the right season, you'll have a close-up view of nests where feathered parents tend their hatch-lings. The air is filled with boobies coming and going, attempting to make their usually clumsy landings (those webbed feet weren't' designed for landing in trees). Visitors also have a wonderful opportunity to see the other myriad inhabitants of the caye. Magnificent thieving frigates (the symbol of Belize Audubon Society) swoop in to steal eggs, and iguanas crawl around in the branches, also looking for a snack.
Everyone should go to the observation tower, built by the Audubon Society in the zericote forest; climb above the forest canopy for an unbelievable view. Every tree is covered with perched booby birds in some stage of growth or mating. In the right season, you'll have a close-up view of nests where feathered parents tend their hatch-lings. The air is filled with boobies coming and going, attempting to make their usually clumsy landings (those webbed feet weren't' designed for landing in trees). Visitors also have a wonderful opportunity to see the other myriad inhabitants of the caye. Magnificent thieving frigates (the symbol of Belize Audubon Society) swoop in to steal eggs, and iguanas crawl around in the branches, also looking for a snack.